Archive for the ‘Proxy Articles’ Category
Wednesday, March 19th, 2008
There is a current and active way to knock a website out of Google’s search engine results. It’s simple and effective. This information is already in the public domain and the more people that know about it, the more likelihood there is that Google will do something about it. This article will tell you how it works, how to get a website knocked out of the search engine rankings, but most importantly, how to defend your own website from having it happen to you.
To understand this exploit, you must first understand about Google’s Duplicate Content filter. It’s simply described thus: Google doesn’t want you to search for “blue widget” and have the top 10 search terms returned copies of the same article on how great blue widgets are. They want to give you ONE copy of the Great Blue Widget article, and 9 other different results, just on the off chance that you’ve already read that article and the other results are actually what you wanted.
To handle this, every time Google spiders and indexes a page, it checks it to see if it’s already got a page that is predominantly the same, a duplicate page if you will. Exactly how Google works this out, nobody knows exactly, but it is going to be a combination of some or all of: page text length, page title, headings, keyword densities, checking exactly copy sentence fragments etc. As a result of this duplicate content filter, a whole industry has grown up around trying to get round the filter, just search for “spin article”.
Getting back to the story here, Google indexes a page and lets say it fails it’s duplicate content check, what does Google do? These days, it dumps that duplicate page in Google’s Supplemental Index. What, you didn’t know that Google have 2 indexes? Well they do: the main one, and supplemental one. 2 things are important here: Google will always return results from their Main index if they can; and they will only go to the Supplemental index if they don’t get enough joy from their main index. What this means is that if your page is in the supplemental index, it’s almost certain that you will never show up in the Search Engine Ranking Pages, unless there is next to no competition for the phrase that was searched for.
This all seems pretty reasonable to me, so what’s the problem? Well there’s another little step I haven’t mentioned yet. What happens if someone copies your page, let’s say your homepage of your business website, and when Google indexes that copy, it correctly determines that it’s a duplicate. Now Google knows about 2 pages that it knows are duplicates, it has to decide which to dump in the supplemental index, and which to keep in the main one. That’s pretty obvious right? But how does Google know which is the original and which is the copy? They don’t. Sure they have some clever algorithms to work it out, but even if they are 99% accurate, that leaves a lot of problems for that 1% of times they can get it wrong!
And this is the heart of the exploit, if someone copies your websites homepage say, and manages to convince Google that *their* page is the original, your homepage will get tossed into the supplemental index, never to see the light of day in the Search Engine Ranking Pages again. In case I’m not being clear enough, that’s bad! But wait, it gets worse:
It’s fair to say that in the case of a person physically copying your page and hosting it, you can often get them to take it down through the use of copyright lawyers, and cease and desist letters to ISP’s and the like, with a quick “Reinclusion Request” to Google. But recently there’s a new threat that’s a whole lot harder to stop: the use of publicly accessible Proxy websites. (If you don’t know what a Proxy is, it’s basically a way of making the web run faster by caching content more local to your internet destination. In principle they are generally a good thing.)
There are many such web proxies out there, and I won’t list any here, however I will describe the process: they send out spiders (much like Google’s) and they spider your page, take your content, then they host a copy of your website on their proxy site, nominally so that when their users request your page, they can serve up their local copy quickly rather than having to retrieve if off your server. The big issue is that Google can sometimes decide that the proxy copy of your web page is the original, and yours is not.
Worse again, there’s some evidence that people are deliberately and maliciously using proxy servers to cache copies of web pages, then using normal (white and black hat) Search Engine Optimization (SEO) techniques to make those proxy pages rank in the search engine, increasing the likelihood that your legitimate page will be the one dumped by the search engines’ duplicate content filters. Danger Will Robinson!
Even worse still, some of the proxy spiders actively spoof their origins so that you don’t realise that it’s a spider from a proxy, as they pretend to be a Googlebot for example, or from Yahoo. This is why the major search engines actively publish guidelines on how to identify and validate their own spiders.
Now for the big question, how can you defend against this? There are several possible solutions, depending on you web hosting technology and technical competence:
Option 1 - If you are running Apache and PHP on your server, you can set the webhost up to check for search engine spiders that purport to be from the main search engines, and using php and the .htaccess file, you can block proxies from other sources. However this only works for proxies that are playing by the rules and identifying themselves correctly.
Option 2 - If you are using MS Windows and IIS on your server, or if you are on a shared hosting solution that doesn’t give you the ability to do anything clever, it’s an awful lot harder and you should take the advice of a professional on how to defend yourself from this kind of attack.
Option 3 - This is current the best solution available, and applies if you are running a PHP or ASP based website: you set ALL pages robot meta tags to noindex and nofollow, then you implement a PHP or ASP script on each page that checks for valid spiders from the major search engines, and if so, resets the robot meta tags to index and follow. The important distinction here is that it’s easier to validate a real spider, and to discount a spider that’s trying to spoof you, because the major search engines publish processes and procedures to do this, including IP lookups and the like.
So, stay aware, stay knowledgeable, and stay protected. And if you see that you’ve suddenly been dumped from the Search Engine Rankings Pages, now you might know why, how and what to do about it.
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Wednesday, March 19th, 2008
When you surf the web it is possible to learn information about you even when you don’t want to advertise who you are. This is true even if your system contains no virus or malware software. Specifically information that is easily available online includes your IP address, your country (and often more location information based on IP address), what computer system you are on, what browser you use, your browser history, and other information. It gets worse. People can get your computer’s name and even find out your name if your machine supports programs like finger or identd. Also, cookies can track your habits as you move from machine to machine.
How do people get this basic information about you?
When you visit another web site, information about you can be retrieved. Basically, information is intercepted and used by others to track your Internet activities.
How do you stop this from happening?
First of all, it is possible to serf the web anonymously and thereby stop leaving a trail for others to find. Note that this is not fool-proof, but it makes it much harder for people to know who you are. There are products called anonymous proxy servers that help protect you. The anonymous proxy server replaces your Internet address for its own. This has the effect of hiding your IP address and making it much harder for people to track you.
How do I get an anonymous proxy server?
There are many vendors who sell anonymous proxy servers. There are also free proxy servers available to you. Two such products are ShadowSurf and Guardster. Guardster offers various services for anonymous and secure access to the web, some paid as well as a free service. ShadowSurf ShadowSurf provides anonymous surfing at their site for free. Go to it and you will find a box to enter a URL that you want no one to track. There are many others, but here are two that are frequently used.
Another interesting product, given the recent news about the Google search engine filtering its findings for the Chinese government, is Anonymizer . This company, among others, recently (Feb 1st, 2006) pressed that it “is developing a new anti-censorship solution that will enable Chinese citizens to safely access the entire Internet filter-free”
Does an anonymous proxy server make you 100% safe?
No. Still, you are much better off if you use such technology.
What other things should I be concerned about when trying to keep my private information private?
Three other items come to mind when trying to keep your information private. First, you can use an encrypted connection to hide your surfing. This article does not go into detail on this, but search the web and you will find a lot of information on this. Secondly, delete cookies after each session. Third, you can configure your browser to remove JavaScript, Java, and active content. This actually leads to limitations, so you need to think about the cost/benefit of this course of action.
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Wednesday, March 19th, 2008
Today more and more people use the Internet, because all we need to know is just a click away. The Internet is a very efficient and quick way of finding information about almost everything. However, there is also a bad side to the Internet and that is that you are exposed to hackers and your every step on the net can be monitored.
Because privacy, Internet crime, hacking were becoming more and more of an issue and many people were afraid to use the Internet because of the consequences, free proxy surfing sounded like a dream, something that had to be done. If software was designed to insure the privacy, the anonymity of the people using the Internet, then all of these problems would find their ending. With free proxy surfing, people did not have to worry anymore about somebody spying their every move or finding out their address or even their social security numbers.
Free proxy surfing is like a buffer between you and the web sites that you want to visit. It allows you to view as many information as you want on the Internet without the concern of being tracked. There are two ways that this can be accomplished: by using a program that can insure your anonymity or by using free proxy sites.
Free proxy surfing with the help of programs is a little more complicated and may not always work. On the other hand free proxy sites are very easy to use and can guarantee a very good result. Nowadays more and more people are using free proxy sites to surf the net. All one has to do in this cases is visit the free proxy site that assures your anonymity and enter the web site address, URL, of the page that you want to visit and remain anonymous at the same time.
How does this work? Well, when using a free proxy site to surf the net and remain anonymous at the same time, the proxy retrieves all the web sites before they are actually delivered to the person. This way, the other server will not see your IP address or other information, but it will see the anonymous proxy’ s adress.
However, there are also some bad news when talking about free proxy surfing. Although, using free proxy sites sounds like a dream, there are also some downs that you should know about. When free proxy surfing, your browsing speed will slow down a little bit. Another thing is that there are many ads on these free proxy sites, that may drive you a little crazy at times. Moreover, there is always the chance that the actual proxy server record your data and a malicious server can find out everything about your machine. This can be avoided if using a free proxy server that is highly rated and also has a very specific privacy policy.
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Wednesday, March 19th, 2008
Sharing a single Internet connection among multiple users has never been simpler and UserGate also lets untrained people (not System Administrators) limit the Internet connectivity of their employees.
With a single external Internet connection and multiple users you simply decide on your priorities. If you are managing an office or a corporate network, security and employee productivity take precedence.
One factor that is not commonly recognized is that unlimited Internet connectivity can harm employee performance. When it comes to business networks ‘fast’ and ‘unlimited’ do not optimize productivity. The Internet is rife with spyware and viruses that can significantly threaten your corporate security and productivity. It only takes one virus getting through your security defenses to corrupt or even destroy the information on all of your networked computers, costing you days and weeks of recovery time. Spyware routinely steals sensitive information such as passwords and private documents. Spyware dramatically decreases computer performance and it displays annoying pop-up windows that distract and have to be closed off. Viruses and spyware have effectively paralyzed even the most technologically sophisticated corporations and you can now benefit from what they learned with the safeguards built into UserGate.
Expensive productivity threats are not always as covert as viruses or spyware. The Internet holds many distractions to your employees’ attention. It has become common for employees to use their office computers and their work time to play online Flash games aptly called ‘office killers’. Online chats and instant messengers are a close second to computer games in wasting employee time. If you pay for Internet traffic, an employee using your Internet connection to download music, games or even movies will cost you directly. If your organization uses VoIP to save on long distance bills, it is vital that no employee can use your Internet connection’s entire bandwidth. Otherwise your calls will not go through, and you can easily lose a client because of a missed call or because the conversation quality is embarrassingly poor.
Even though these various threats are real and are severe, some very highly trained engineers put together a simple solution that minimizes them and increases your employee productivity. UserGate proxy server produced by Entensys (http://www.entensys.com/) provides Internet connectivity to your entire organization while eliminating the usual threats and performance bottlenecks caused by Internet Connection Sharing. UserGate blocks viruses and spyware with its advanced dual-core anti-virus*. UserGate limits your employees to their work assignments instead of socializing over the Internet or wasting time, and it saves on your Internet bills by monitoring, limiting and optimizing the bandwidth used by each employee.
*Dual-core anti-virus is very real and very powerful. When Intel released its first dual-core processor, the benefits of increased performance and smoother multitasking became obvious to even the most conservative users. With two anti-virus cores-Panda and Kaspersky-and real-time online updates, UserGate provides tighter security and higher reliability than any single anti-virus solution. Being a proxy server, UserGate prevents spyware and viruses from getting onto your employee computers by scanning all external Internet traffic.
Once installed, UserGate becomes the only connection between your employees and the Internet. Workers cannot access anything beyond your corporate network and external influences cannot affect your computers. This approach allows for extremely effective control over how and when your employees can use your Internet connections. You can prohibit access to specific file types, sites, resources or protocols making it impossible for employees to chat, download personal-use files or play online games during their work time. VoIP connections can be prioritized over end-user traffic, allowing for crystal clear phone calls over the Internet. Additionally, thanks to extensive journal support, you will always be able to see exactly what has been accessed by each employee and the bandwidths they consumed.
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Sunday, March 9th, 2008
Since firewalls are so commonly used it is worth exploring them in greater depth. Corporations often set up rules for managing their Web connections using firewalls. A firewall enables a company to designate how all end users can use their network and decide what information is passed through Web servers and other servers.
There are several methods a firewall uses to control traffic that comes into and goes out of the network. One way firewalls do this is through packet filtering. During this process a firewall analyzes small packets of information against pre-designated filters. All data is sent via small packets of information through filters. Safe information is passed through and unsafe information is generally removed.
Another way firewalls mitigate traffic is through proxy service. This means the firewall retrieved information from the Web and sends it to the requesting computer. Still another method of traffic control used by firewall is stateful inspection. This technique allows the firewall to compare certain parts of the data packet to information gathered from trusted sources. Information going to the firewall from the Internet is monitored to determine whether it contains key characteristics that suggest the information is safe rather than harmful. Information designated as safe passes through freely and other information is blocked.
The methods a company selects will depend on a number of factors including personal preferences. Regardless of the method a firewall uses however a company or network administrator can customize the firewall to filter information based on a pre-established set of criteria.
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Sunday, March 9th, 2008
Whenever a computer receives or transmits information, be it a home computer or a server, it does so through an open port that at some point connects to a router, which will then send the information over the internet. Depending on the type of data being processed, certain specific ports are used.
In proxy servers, there are several ports that are most commonly used. These protocols communicate with external devices, such as routers, by means of a protocol. Protocols are used in order to allow equipment to communicate with each other and establish how information is sent over the internet.
The most common protocol used by proxy ports is TCP – Transmission Control Protocol. TCP is an essential part of any TCP/IP network. While the IP – Internet Protocol – deals with the packets of data that is being transmitted, TCP is in charge of guaranteeing that these packets will be delivered and that they will arrive at their destination in the same order that they were sent through a specific port. Some ports use another type of protocol, which is UDP. Although UDP also establishes communication between ports, is does not guarantee it.
Other commonly used protocols are:
• HTTP – establishes the format in which web browsers and internet sites communicate with each other
• FTP – establishes formats for file transfers
• IMAP – determines communication between e-mail servers and their clients
• SSL Protocol – determines formats used for encrypted communication
The most commonly used proxy ports are:
TCP Port 80
Protocol / Name: WANRemote
Description: Standard web service port. When transferring sensitive data, port 443 is recommended as this is a vulnerable Trojan port. It should be tested to identify vulnerabilities if used, either through spyware removal programs or firewalls.
TCP Port 8000
Protocol / Name: iRDMI
Description: Not a Trojan port.
TCP Port 8080
Protocol / Name: http-alt
Description: An HTTP alternative port. It is a vulnerable Trojan port and should be tested to identify vulnerabilities if used, either through spyware removal programs or firewalls.
TCP Port 8081
Protocol / Name: blackice-logon
Description: Network Admin port for BlackIce’s intrusion detection program through its host-based firewall.
TCP Port 443
Protocol / Name: https
Description: A secure port which uses HTTP over SSL. Information sent through this port is encrypted via the SSL protocol.
TCP Port 444
Protocol / Name: snpp
Description: Uses Simple Network Paging Protocol for data transfers.
TCP Port 1080
Protocol / Name: socks
Description: A SOCKS port used for outbound TCP services, such as FTP and HTTP. As with port 80 and 8080, it is vulnerable to attacks. Attackers that connect to this port can bounce off to reach other internal hosts that are otherwise protected from direct attacks. Port scans should be made in order to listen for attempts of connection to this port.
TCP Port 2301
Protocol / Name: Cpq-wbem
Description: Compaq HTTP port.
TCP Port 3128
Protocol / Name: ReverseWWWTunnel
Description: Reverse WWW Tunnel Backdoor port.
TCP Port 3382
Protocol / Name: fujitsu-neat
Description: Fujitsu Net Enhanced Antitheft port.
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Thursday, March 6th, 2008
VoIP protocols are the technical codings that enable voice to be carried over the internet. There are several competing standards in that field. Here you have a brief summary of these.
Perhaps the most famous VoIP protocol is the H.323 standardized by International Telecommunication Union (ITU). H.323 is very sophisticated partially due to the fact that it is not just a strict VoIP protocol but also one for interactive data sharing, videoconferencing and audio/video processing. It is actually a conglomeration of several smaller protocols, namely:
• Transport protocols H.225, H.235,H.245,H.450.1,H.450.2,H450.3,RTP,X.224.0
• Data protocols T.122,T124,T125,T126,T127
• Audio protocols G.711,G.722,G.723.1,G.728,G.729
• Video protocols H.261,H263
• Fax protocol T.38
Another smaller but very robust protocol is more geared to just VoIP. It is called Session Initiation Protocol and usually referred to as simply SIP. It consists of MIME, SDP and SIP itself.
MGCP (Media Gateway Control Protocol supported by Level 3, Bellcore, Cisco and Nortel) has also gained a substantial share of the VoIP market. Other main VoIP related protocols include Megaco H.248 (Media Gateway Control boasting great interoperability and backed by GTE, ICG, Netcom, Level 3,Sprint and founded by joint cooperation of IETF and the ITU-T Study Group 16), RVP over IP, SAPv2, SGCP and Skinny.
All these protocols are not always 100% compatible with each other therefore some possible standardization might by showing up there in the future.
And important factor in protocols application is bandwidth optimization. Signaling proxy operations are normally faster then the full proxy modes but perhaps the fastest are approaches like those of TDMoIP which deal with bundling together conversations going in the same direction.
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Thursday, March 6th, 2008
There are many reasons someone would want to surf the internet anonymously. Many people think that internet privacy is only for those trying to hide something, but that simply is not the case. Internet privacy is essential for normal people like you who value their identity and rights. As governments, search engines, and marketers use increasingly more aggressive methods for tracking what you do online, the need for internet privacy has increased. Government agencies continue to push the boundaries of what they collect and demand from internet service providers, search engines, and individual website owners.
How They’re Tracking You
Every time you get online, you run the risk of identify theft. Even seemingly harmless tasks like checking email and the news open you up to vulnerabilities. Website owners and statistics tracking systems can pinpoint the sites you’ve visited last, your geographic location, and details about your browser and operating system. Worse, spyware and malevolent data tracking systems called cookies can track even more information about your surfing habits. For example, most web browsers today can save passwords for the sites that you visit. While this feature is convenient for us, criminals can often find and use this information to access your email accounts, online banking, and credit card accounts.x
Why They’re Tracking You
A large number of people are interested in your surfing habits, from marketing agencies to government agencies. Marketers want to know your buying habits in order to serve you more targeted offers. Governments may be interested in censoring the information you access. While not everyone tracking you may have evil intent, it is dangerous to leave your safety in the hands of others.
How to Stop Them From Tracking You
The best, and perhaps only, way for you to prevent this data collection is to surf the web anonymously. Anonymous surfing can be accomplished by using proxy servers that randomize your IP address as you surf the internet Proxy servers act as a middleman between you and the web sites you visit, preventing anyone from personally identifying you and your surfing habits. Protecting your internet privacy is essential for protecting you and your family from those who wish to harm you. Using proxy servers is an effective way to do this.
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Thursday, March 6th, 2008
Access Restrictions are vital for a Corporate Internet Gateway. Inadequate access restrictions can make your Internet proxy / gateway - vulnerable. Such open gateways, are silently and constantly - subject to abuse or misuse.
- A huge variety of utilities and tools are available, that can exploit an HTTP proxy to attack, email or any other servers. However such attacks are quite easy to discover, for the victimized servers. But by then even a “hobby-hacker” could simply ruin the prestige of a corporate entity. Initially, such “hobby-hackers” may not have enough expertise or knowledge of such tools and techniques, but then - an able mind can learn almost anything, at the “Global University of the Internet”! Most ignorant enterprises learn about the implications of living with an open gateway rather late - when they receive the court-summons that accuses them of a cyber-crime.Most enterprises today have witnessed a growth in employee turnover. So the old-notions of social familiarity with the employees are quite a thing of the past, and simply cannot hold any value for the security administrators.
- A huge variety of utilities are today available, to crawl the Internet while you appear to be “normally working”. Most of these utilities can connect to the Internet via even a proxy server, while some can even meet the “username / password” challenge, quite efficiently. Use of a “session-based-authentication” can help, but to a limited extent. The proxy server should be able to recognize an acceptable web-client like Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator, FireFox etc. and differentiate them from other utilities that automatically crawl the Internet and download stuff like Music, Movies, Screen Savers, etc. Corporations, where the general I.T. awareness of the employees seems to be on the higher side, stronger policies are recommended. One of my personal favorites is appending a code to the user-agent string of the Internet Browsers. This can be achieved very easily, by using the Global Policy settings in an LDAP or ADS based environment. The codes should then be changed periodically and the proxy / gateway should allow only the Internet connections that are made by clients that bear valid codes.
- In quite a few networks, it is quite difficult to configure the proxy settings of every individual user. Administrators of such networks prefer to set-up their proxy servers in the transparent mode. Transparent proxies generally cannot perform the process of user-authentication very efficiently. Transparent proxies are therefore most vulnerable to exploitation by these viruses, worms and Trojans. Automatic crawling and downloading undesirable content from the Internet, is a common activity of the newer varieties of these pests. In a large and centrally managed network, Automatic Proxy Detection feature of the newer generation browsers, is a better alternative to transparent proxying. For any reason, if this too cannot be employed, and transparent proxying seems to be the only option, then this proxy server should simply forward all requests to another proxy server, which should then carry out the challenge for authentication.
- Logs are extremely important for the managing the security, and identifying any violation of enterprise’s rules. The logs should therefore contain enough data, and should be easily parsable to analyze and identify the source and content of Internet traffic. The logs should contain the user’s identity, such that the identity can be established beyond doubt, and any reason for ambiguity should be a result of the user’s wanton violation of security, namely - sharing his or her identity.
Parameters for access restrictions should be a combination of Network-IDs and username / passwords. It is vastly desirable to have a common user identity authentication database. Various applications can subsequently share this database, so that the users do not have to manage a number of identities, unique for each of the applications they seek to access like the Internet Gateway, email servers or any other networked resources. A proxy server should therefore ideally, just challenge the user’s for establishing the identity and then verify the same from the central user authentication database. Locally caching the username/password can be very useful, in such enterprises; to avoid user’s discomfort in the events of the network connectivity between the proxy servers becomes slow or temporarily unavailable.Smaller networks that do not have any such database could be served from a user identity database that could be maintained within the configuration files of a proxy server.
A proxy server that allows creation of user-groups can be very useful if the policies are group-wide.
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Thursday, March 6th, 2008
Many people complain that webproxys are not working at their workplaces / school computers because they have been banned by administrators. A way around this would be to setup your very own proxy server that is being hosted a) by a free webhosting service that supports either php or cgi or b) your own website that is being hosted by a webhosting company.
Both methods should work and I will walk you right through the installation process for both scripts and give you tips how to find out what is actually being blocked. Before we start you need to download a copy of phpproxy or cgiproxy depending on what you want and can use. You also could perform a search for free webhosting on google for instance and try to find a webhoster that supports one of the two languages, a good site that I found while searching for those terms might be freewebspace.net
1. phpproxy
Download phpproxy and unpack it to a local directory on your hard drive. All you need to do know is to upload the script to your webspace and open up the new url to check if its working allright. You might want to rename the file to something different, something that does not contain the word proxy in it to avoid filters that ban everything that has the word “proxy” in it.
You could open up the script and enter your clients ip in there to make sure that only your client will be able to connect or you could add a .htaccess file to the directory forcing everyone who wants to start the script to enter a username and password. Again, use google if you like to find out more information about .htaccess
The php script has some requirements, make sure you read the readme file which is included and check to see if your hoster has those requirements enabled.
2. cgiproxy
Your hoster has to have cgi enabled in order to run this script. Many free hosters do not offer cgi or only some preinstalled scripts. Make sure it is enabled before you start the installation process.
First, download the source and unpack it to a local directory.
Now, open the .cgi file and take a look at the configuration. You can edit lots of settings from within, for example you could configure the script that way that it only allows text to go through the proxy but no images. Everything is explained in detail and all options are explained with comments, browse through the file, edit the options to your liking and save the new file.
After that upload the script to your cgi directory if that is required by your hoster and open the url from your browser. You are now ready to browse the web anonymously, to check if that is really the case load a website like whatismyip.com as the first site and check if the ip matches with the server the script is installed and not your computers ip. If that is the case you´ve done everything right and can surf anonymously. (there are still ways to find out your ip, just in case you are wondering)
3. What is being blocked ?
a) If you can access the proxy from the client they only block domains / ips.
b) If you can´t access the proxy they might be banning filenames that contain proxy as well, try changing the filename.
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